{"id":13503,"date":"2026-01-20T16:10:17","date_gmt":"2026-01-20T16:10:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/?post_type=knowledge-center&#038;p=13503"},"modified":"2026-03-11T16:24:17","modified_gmt":"2026-03-11T16:24:17","slug":"hardening-and-heat-treating","status":"publish","type":"knowledge-center","link":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/it\/knowledge-center\/hardening-and-heat-treating\/","title":{"rendered":"La tempra attraverso il trattamento termico: Come i metalli acquistano forza e durata"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il <strong>Scala di durezza Rockwell<\/strong> \u00e8 la misura della resistenza di un materiale alla penetrazione o alla deformazione permanente quando incontra la forza di un altro materiale. <strong>Penetrazioni<\/strong> includono rotture superficiali, come punzonature o graffi. <strong>Deformazioni permanenti<\/strong> includono ammaccature, fibbie o fratture da compressione.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quando si lavora un utensile metallico, come un blocco matrice o un utensile da taglio, il materiale grezzo deve essere abbastanza malleabile da poter essere tagliato o modellato nella sua forma funzionale finale. I materiali migliori in questa fase del processo hanno una durezza Rockwell inferiore a quella degli strumenti di taglio e di sagomatura utilizzati per formarli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una volta che un pezzo ha raggiunto la sua forma finale, deve essere reso sufficientemente duro da rimanere in quella forma per tutta la durata del suo utilizzo. Ad esempio, le superfici dei pistoni dei motori devono essere sufficientemente dure da resistere a miliardi di piccole esplosioni e all'attrito del movimento all'interno dei cilindri del motore per tutta la loro durata. Questi materiali devono avere un'elevata durezza nella scala Rockwell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tempra<\/strong>, Il trattamento termico \u00e8 la fase cruciale che trasforma i materiali metallici da malleabili e lavorabili a durevoli e resistenti alla penetrazione e alla deformazione.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il trattamento termico di tempra prende una parte di metallo e applica una quantit\u00e0 di calore sufficiente a trasformare l'interno del metallo. <strong>struttura del reticolo cristallino<\/strong> <em>(vedi barra laterale), <\/em>rendendolo pi\u00f9 resistente alla penetrazione e alla deformazione. Il processo porta a una struttura interna del reticolo cristallino che presenta un numero inferiore e pi\u00f9 corto di <strong>piani di taglio<\/strong>.<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Piani di taglio<\/strong>,<strong> <\/strong>occasionalmente noto anche come s<em>piani labiali<\/em>, I piani di taglio sono aree all'interno di un materiale solido in cui gli ammassi di atomi o molecole possono facilmente scorrere l'uno sull'altro. Questi piani di taglio rappresentano punti deboli, dove \u00e8 pi\u00f9 probabile che si verifichino deformazioni o penetrazioni.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full\"><img data-dominant-color=\"486476\" data-has-transparency=\"true\" style=\"--dominant-color: #486476;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"207\" src=\"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/crystal-structures-of-metal.avif\" alt=\"crystalline structure of metal\" class=\"wp-image-13505 has-transparency\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/crystal-structures-of-metal.avif 500w, https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/crystal-structures-of-metal-300x124.avif 300w, https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/crystal-structures-of-metal-18x7.avif 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Fig. 1 - Fonte: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/flexbooks.ck12.org\/cbook\/ck-12-chemistry-flexbook-2.0\/section\/8.11\/primary\/lesson\/crystal-structures-of-metals-chem\/\"><em>Libri flessibili<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La struttura cristallina dei metalli<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-606a496d2fbde478db5d9393442972af wp-block-paragraph\">Tutti gli elementi metallici conosciuti, tranne il mercurio, sono solidi e cristallini a temperatura ambiente. I metalli e le loro leghe hanno una forte tendenza a cristallizzare, con gli atomi disposti in schemi ordinati e ripetuti piuttosto che in modo casuale.<br><br>La struttura cristallina della maggior parte dei metalli a temperatura ambiente \u00e8 di tre tipi comuni: cubica centrata sul corpo (BCC), cubica centrata sulla faccia (FCC) o esagonale impacchettata (HCP).<sup>1 <\/sup><br><br>Queste strutture cristalline influenzano la facilit\u00e0 con cui gli atomi possono muoversi l'uno rispetto all'altro, che a sua volta influisce sulla resistenza, sulla duttilit\u00e0 e sul comportamento di deformazione del metallo quando viene applicata una forza.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e4ebed\" data-has-transparency=\"true\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e4ebed;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"781\" height=\"371\" src=\"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Shear-Plane-Illustration.avif\" alt=\"sheer planes\" class=\"wp-image-13506 has-transparency\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Shear-Plane-Illustration.avif 781w, https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Shear-Plane-Illustration-300x143.avif 300w, https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Shear-Plane-Illustration-768x365.avif 768w, https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Shear-Plane-Illustration-18x9.avif 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 781px) 100vw, 781px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Fig. 2 - Fonte: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/figure\/Deformation-of-a-crystal-structure-a-original-lattice-belastic-deformation-with-no_fig12_325178996\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Uno studio sulla produzione di barre deformate presso Elite Iron and Steel Industries, Razin Sazzad Molla<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qual \u00e8 la differenza tra la cementazione e la tempra?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esistono due metodi di tempra che i trattatori termici utilizzano frequentemente per aumentare la durezza dei metalli. <strong>indurimento della cassa<\/strong> e <strong>tempra<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tempra della carcassa<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La cementazione \u00e8 la diffusione di uno o pi\u00f9 elementi ad alte temperature in un metallo. Questi elementi alterano l'uniformit\u00e0 del reticolo cristallino, modificando la forma di una linea o di un piano in un materiale uniforme in qualcosa di pi\u00f9 frastagliato.<sup>3<\/sup> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Questi processi sono utilizzati pi\u00f9 frequentemente con metalli ferrici come l'acciaio. Carburazione, nitrurazione e carbonitrurazione sono le versioni pi\u00f9 comuni della cementazione.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La maggior parte della cementazione avviene in <a href=\"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/it\/atmosphere-furnaces\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fornaci d'atmosfera<\/a>, come un <a href=\"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/it\/knowledge-center\/ipsen-atlas-green-german-innovation-award-winner\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Atlante Ipsen<\/a> forno. I pezzi entrano nel forno e vengono riscaldati a una temperatura in cui il gas di processo pu\u00f2 diffondere elementi come il carbonio, l'azoto o entrambi nel metallo superficiale dei pezzi. Questo avviene introducendo nel sistema gas di processo come acetilene, ammoniaca, anidride carbonica o monossido di carbonio. A volte viene introdotto l'idrogeno per rimuovere gli ossidi superficiali e ottenere un legame pi\u00f9 efficace.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In alcuni casi, la cementazione richiede l'uso di un <a href=\"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/it\/vacuum-furnaces\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">forno a vuoto<\/a>. Tra gli esempi vi sono i pezzi che richiedono un'elevata pulizia, una durezza uniforme in profondit\u00e0 o geometrie complesse. Uno di questi metodi per la cementazione in un forno sottovuoto \u00e8 il seguente <a href=\"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/it\/avac-paper-updated-2021\/\" type=\"attachment\" id=\"6639\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ipsen Avac<sup>\u00ae<\/sup><\/a> carburazione a bassa pressione.<\/p>\n\n\n\n    <section id=\"button-block_a5482a1882aa2bbb24d52c6c9cb08399\"\n        class=\"button-custom-block d-block d-lg-inline-block mx-auto me-lg-5 mb-4\">\n        <a class=\"btn btn-outline-secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/it\/request-a-quote\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n            Richiedete un preventivo per un forno a vuoto o ad atmosfera        <\/a>\n    <\/section>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d6d6d6\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d6d6d6;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"305\" src=\"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/a-review-of-steel-microstructures-0.avif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13512 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/a-review-of-steel-microstructures-0.avif 200w, https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/a-review-of-steel-microstructures-0-197x300.avif 197w, https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/a-review-of-steel-microstructures-0-8x12.avif 8w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Fig. 3 - Fonte: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thefabricator.com\/thefabricator\/article\/metalsmaterials\/a-review-of-steel-microstructures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Il fabbricante<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tempra<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L'indurimento per tempra non si ottiene aggiungendo materiale a un metallo, ma aumentando la temperatura del metallo fino a quando la struttura del reticolo cristallino raggiunge lo stato di austenite, quindi spegnendo rapidamente il materiale fino a quando si stabilizza nello stato cristallino di martensite. Questo processo di spegnimento deve essere sufficientemente rapido per evitare la formazione di altre strutture cristalline, come ferrite, perlite e bainite.<sup>4<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La tempra pu\u00f2 essere ottenuta sia con forni sotto vuoto che in atmosfera, anche se solo le leghe con alti livelli di elementi leganti possono essere temprate sotto vuoto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L'indurimento per tempra pu\u00f2 essere effettuato con una soluzione di tempra liquida, come olio, sale o acqua, o con un gas non reattivo circolante ad alta pressione, come argon o azoto. Mentre alcuni forni sottovuoto, come il <strong>LOG Ipsen<\/strong> <strong>Fornace<\/strong><sup>5<\/sup>, La maggior parte dei forni a vuoto utilizza solo gas pressurizzato per lo spegnimento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/it\/knowledge-center\/choosing-an-internal-or-external-quench-vacuum-furnace\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Forni a vuoto con tempra a gas<\/a> sono solitamente classificati in base alla loro capacit\u00e0 di pressione. La maggior parte dei forni Ipsen pu\u00f2 fornire una pressione di spegnimento del gas da 2 a 20 bar. A titolo indicativo, triplicando la pressione si pu\u00f2 dimezzare il tempo di spegnimento; il gas ha pi\u00f9 molecole per assorbire il calore dai pezzi e dalla camera. A un certo punto, tuttavia, l'estinzione con gas ad alta pressione non \u00e8 in grado di raggiungere la velocit\u00e0 di un'estinzione con liquido in modo altrettanto efficace o efficiente, motivo per cui le pressioni di estinzione con gas raramente superano i 20 bar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:65%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a4accd33dae9&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a4accd33dae9\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e4e8ee\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e4e8ee;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"732\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/martensitic-transformation-hardening-1024x732.avif\" alt=\"hardening\" class=\"wp-image-13516 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/martensitic-transformation-hardening-1024x732.avif 1024w, https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/martensitic-transformation-hardening-300x214.avif 300w, https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/martensitic-transformation-hardening-768x549.avif 768w, https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/martensitic-transformation-hardening-18x12.avif 18w, https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/martensitic-transformation-hardening.avif 1321w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Fig. 4 - Fonte: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/metals-what-are-metals\/metalworking\/transformation-hardening-martensitic-transformation-hardening\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Indurimento della trasformazione - nuclear-power.com<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:35%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-dominant-color=\"6b6049\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #6b6049;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IMG_0990-768x1024.avif\" alt=\"Ipsen LOG furnace\" class=\"wp-image-13517 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IMG_0990-768x1024.avif 768w, https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IMG_0990-225x300.avif 225w, https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IMG_0990-1152x1536.avif 1152w, https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IMG_0990-1536x2048.avif 1536w, https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IMG_0990-9x12.avif 9w, https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IMG_0990-scaled.avif 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Fig. 5 - Forno Ipsen LOG<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La durezza non \u00e8 la durezza: Perch\u00e9 la tempra \u00e8 cos\u00ec importante?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La massimizzazione della durezza di un materiale non \u00e8 sempre la soluzione migliore per una lunga durata. I metalli troppo duri, soprattutto se di sezione sottile, possono diventare fragili.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Per questo motivo molti processi di tempra richiedono un <strong>temperamento<\/strong> processo. Il rinvenimento riscalda i pezzi a temperature subcritiche, quindi applica un processo di tempra pi\u00f9 lento. Questo processo riduce leggermente la durezza, eliminando le tensioni e le cricche microscopiche che possono formarsi durante una tempra rapida o un processo di indurimento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il rinvenimento riduce la fragilit\u00e0 e aumenta la tenacit\u00e0 del pezzo, consentendo una flessibilit\u00e0 del reticolo cristallino sufficiente a far tornare il pezzo in forma dopo l'applicazione di una forza di compressione o di perforazione.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Poich\u00e9 i cicli di rinvenimento richiedono solitamente tempi pi\u00f9 lunghi rispetto a quelli di tempra, spesso i trattatori termici eseguono le ricette di rinvenimento in forni separati per massimizzare la produzione complessiva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Per saperne di pi\u00f9 sulla metallurgia che sta alla base della tempra e dei trattamenti termici, partecipate a un incontro di prossima pubblicazione. <a href=\"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/it\/ipsen-u\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ipsen U<\/a> classe.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Se siete alla ricerca di un forno per le vostre esigenze di tempra, contattate <\/em><a href=\"mailto:sales@ipsenusa.com\"><em>sales@ipsenusa.com<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La scala di durezza Rockwell misura la resistenza di un materiale alla penetrazione o alla deformazione permanente quando incontra la forza di un altro materiale. Le penetrazioni comprendono le rotture superficiali, come i pugni o le<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_tec_requires_first_save":true,"_searchwp_excluded":"","_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"_tribe_blocks_recurrence_rules":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_description":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_exclusions":"","_ecp_custom_2":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13503","knowledge-center","type-knowledge-center","status-publish","hentry","category-technical-article"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hardening Through Heat Treating- Ipsen Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how heat treating hardens metals, from Rockwell hardness and crystal structures to case hardening, quenching, and tempering.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/it\/knowledge-center\/hardening-and-heat-treating\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hardening Through Heat Treating- Ipsen Global\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn how heat treating hardens metals, from Rockwell hardness and crystal structures to case hardening, quenching, and tempering.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/it\/knowledge-center\/hardening-and-heat-treating\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ipsen Global\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IpsenUSA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-11T16:24:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/crystal-structures-of-metal.avif\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"207\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ipsenusa\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Tempo di lettura stimato\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"6 minuti\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"TechArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipsenglobal.com\\\/knowledge-center\\\/hardening-and-heat-treating\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipsenglobal.com\\\/knowledge-center\\\/hardening-and-heat-treating\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Courtney Kerch\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dipsen.wpengine.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8fb2c2ce715f8b2c86dd1ab9f3021543\"},\"headline\":\"Hardening Through Heat Treating: How Metals Gain Strength and Durability\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-20T16:10:17+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-11T16:24:17+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipsenglobal.com\\\/knowledge-center\\\/hardening-and-heat-treating\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1037,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dipsen.wpengine.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipsenglobal.com\\\/knowledge-center\\\/hardening-and-heat-treating\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipsenglobal.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/crystal-structures-of-metal.avif\",\"articleSection\":[\"Technical Article\"],\"inLanguage\":\"it-IT\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipsenglobal.com\\\/knowledge-center\\\/hardening-and-heat-treating\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipsenglobal.com\\\/knowledge-center\\\/hardening-and-heat-treating\\\/\",\"name\":\"Hardening Through Heat Treating- Ipsen Global\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dipsen.wpengine.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipsenglobal.com\\\/knowledge-center\\\/hardening-and-heat-treating\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipsenglobal.com\\\/knowledge-center\\\/hardening-and-heat-treating\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipsenglobal.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/crystal-structures-of-metal.avif\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-20T16:10:17+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-11T16:24:17+00:00\",\"description\":\"Learn how heat treating hardens metals, from Rockwell hardness and crystal structures to case hardening, quenching, and tempering.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipsenglobal.com\\\/knowledge-center\\\/hardening-and-heat-treating\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"it-IT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ipsenglobal.com\\\/knowledge-center\\\/hardening-and-heat-treating\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"it-IT\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipsenglobal.com\\\/knowledge-center\\\/hardening-and-heat-treating\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipsenglobal.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/crystal-structures-of-metal.avif\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipsenglobal.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/crystal-structures-of-metal.avif\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipsenglobal.com\\\/knowledge-center\\\/hardening-and-heat-treating\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipsenglobal.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Knowledge Center\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dipsen.wpengine.com\\\/knowledge-center\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Hardening Through Heat Treating: How Metals Gain Strength and Durability\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dipsen.wpengine.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dipsen.wpengine.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Ipsen Global\",\"description\":\"Strengthening Innovation Worldwide\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dipsen.wpengine.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dipsen.wpengine.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"it-IT\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dipsen.wpengine.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ipsen\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dipsen.wpengine.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"it-IT\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dipsen.wpengine.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipsenglobal.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/10\\\/Ipsen-Pantone186C_Large_W_White.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipsenglobal.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/10\\\/Ipsen-Pantone186C_Large_W_White.jpg\",\"width\":1090,\"height\":545,\"caption\":\"Ipsen\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dipsen.wpengine.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/IpsenUSA\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/ipsenusa\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/ipsenusa\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/user\\\/ipsenvideos\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dipsen.wpengine.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8fb2c2ce715f8b2c86dd1ab9f3021543\",\"name\":\"Courtney Kerch\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"it-IT\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/046e31caea38a69059edfb28090efb5f0af1696fd41381c07821ac786e7ff9c9?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/046e31caea38a69059edfb28090efb5f0af1696fd41381c07821ac786e7ff9c9?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/046e31caea38a69059edfb28090efb5f0af1696fd41381c07821ac786e7ff9c9?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Courtney Kerch\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipsenglobal.com\\\/it\\\/author\\\/ckerch\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Hardening Through Heat Treating- Ipsen Global","description":"Learn how heat treating hardens metals, from Rockwell hardness and crystal structures to case hardening, quenching, and tempering.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/it\/knowledge-center\/hardening-and-heat-treating\/","og_locale":"it_IT","og_type":"article","og_title":"Hardening Through Heat Treating- Ipsen Global","og_description":"Learn how heat treating hardens metals, from Rockwell hardness and crystal structures to case hardening, quenching, and tempering.","og_url":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/it\/knowledge-center\/hardening-and-heat-treating\/","og_site_name":"Ipsen Global","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IpsenUSA","article_modified_time":"2026-03-11T16:24:17+00:00","og_image":[{"width":500,"height":207,"url":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/crystal-structures-of-metal.avif","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@ipsenusa","twitter_misc":{"Tempo di lettura stimato":"6 minuti"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"TechArticle","@id":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/knowledge-center\/hardening-and-heat-treating\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/knowledge-center\/hardening-and-heat-treating\/"},"author":{"name":"Courtney Kerch","@id":"https:\/\/dipsen.wpengine.com\/#\/schema\/person\/8fb2c2ce715f8b2c86dd1ab9f3021543"},"headline":"Hardening Through Heat Treating: How Metals Gain Strength and Durability","datePublished":"2026-01-20T16:10:17+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-11T16:24:17+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/knowledge-center\/hardening-and-heat-treating\/"},"wordCount":1037,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/dipsen.wpengine.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/knowledge-center\/hardening-and-heat-treating\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/crystal-structures-of-metal.avif","articleSection":["Technical Article"],"inLanguage":"it-IT"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/knowledge-center\/hardening-and-heat-treating\/","url":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/knowledge-center\/hardening-and-heat-treating\/","name":"Hardening Through Heat Treating- Ipsen Global","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/dipsen.wpengine.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/knowledge-center\/hardening-and-heat-treating\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/knowledge-center\/hardening-and-heat-treating\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/crystal-structures-of-metal.avif","datePublished":"2026-01-20T16:10:17+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-11T16:24:17+00:00","description":"Learn how heat treating hardens metals, from Rockwell hardness and crystal structures to case hardening, quenching, and tempering.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/knowledge-center\/hardening-and-heat-treating\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"it-IT","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/knowledge-center\/hardening-and-heat-treating\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"it-IT","@id":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/knowledge-center\/hardening-and-heat-treating\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/crystal-structures-of-metal.avif","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/crystal-structures-of-metal.avif"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/knowledge-center\/hardening-and-heat-treating\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Knowledge Center","item":"https:\/\/dipsen.wpengine.com\/knowledge-center\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Hardening Through Heat Treating: How Metals Gain Strength and Durability"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/dipsen.wpengine.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/dipsen.wpengine.com\/","name":"Ipsen Global","description":"Rafforzare l'innovazione in tutto il mondo","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/dipsen.wpengine.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/dipsen.wpengine.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"it-IT"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/dipsen.wpengine.com\/#organization","name":"Ipsen","url":"https:\/\/dipsen.wpengine.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"it-IT","@id":"https:\/\/dipsen.wpengine.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Ipsen-Pantone186C_Large_W_White.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Ipsen-Pantone186C_Large_W_White.jpg","width":1090,"height":545,"caption":"Ipsen"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dipsen.wpengine.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IpsenUSA","https:\/\/x.com\/ipsenusa","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/ipsenusa\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/ipsenvideos"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/dipsen.wpengine.com\/#\/schema\/person\/8fb2c2ce715f8b2c86dd1ab9f3021543","name":"Courtney Kerch","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"it-IT","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/046e31caea38a69059edfb28090efb5f0af1696fd41381c07821ac786e7ff9c9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/046e31caea38a69059edfb28090efb5f0af1696fd41381c07821ac786e7ff9c9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/046e31caea38a69059edfb28090efb5f0af1696fd41381c07821ac786e7ff9c9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Courtney Kerch"},"url":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/it\/author\/ckerch\/"}]}},"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":7,"label":"Technical Article"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"Courtney Kerch","author_link":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/it\/author\/ckerch\/"},"comment_info":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge-center\/13503","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge-center"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/knowledge-center"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge-center\/13503\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14193,"href":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge-center\/13503\/revisions\/14193"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13503"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13503"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipsenglobal.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}